·The current world consumption of cement is about billion tonnes per annum and it is increasing at about 1% per annum The electrical energy consumed in cement production is approximately 110 kWh/tonne and around 40% of this energy is consumed for clinker is potential to optimise conventional cement clinker
·Improving Thermal and Electric Energy Efficiency at Cement Plants International Best Practice iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Cement Production Process Flow Schematic and Typical Energy Efficiency 2 Figure 2 Rotary Cement Kiln Dry Process with Cyclonic Preheaters 4 Figure 3 Schematic Depiction of Control Points
Approximately 60 70% of the total electrical energy used in a cement plant is utilized for the grinding of raw materials coal and clinker [63] The electrical energy consumed in cement production is approximately 110 kWh/tonne There is potential to optimize conventional cement clinker grinding circuits
·In these stages comminution activities account for about 30% of the total energy consumption therefore attention should be drawn to optimize the circuits Energy efficiency of a grinding circuit whether it is wet or dry is affected by operating and design parameters including mill diameter mill length media size and filling throughput
·Table 5 Energy Efficiency Opportunities Applicable to Vertical Shaft 17 Table 6 Energy Efficiency Measures for Final Grinding of Products in Cement 19 Table 7 Energy Efficiency Measures for Plant Wide Measures in Cement 21 Table 8 Product and Feedstock Changes to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Clinker
·The cement industry one of the worst pollutant industries [4] The collection and evaluation of periodical data concerning industry and other final energy consuming sectors are primary conditions in the determination of targets for the studies on energy saving [5] Since 1970 the primary physical energy intensity for cement production has
·Grinding mills are infamous for their extremely low energy efficiency It is generally accepted that the energy required to produce new mineral surfaces is less than 1% of the electricity consumed
·The Cement Plant Operations Handbook is a concise Separators classifiers 4 Ball mill circuit control 5 Cement storage 6 Cement dispatch 7 Distribution 8 Quality assurance and customer service Cement milling Finish milling is the grinding together of clinker with some 3 5 per cent gypsum
·Cement is an energy intensive industry in which the grinding circuits use more than 60 per cent of the total electrical energy consumed and account for most of the manufacturing cost The requirements for the cement industry in the future are to reduce the use of energy in grinding and the emission of CO2 from the kilns
·The cement industry is made up of either Portland cement plants that produce clinker and grind it to make finished cement or clinker grinding plants that intergrind clinker obtained elsewhere with various additives Clinker is produced through a controlled high temperature burn in a kiln of a measured
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